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Principles of use of amino acids in feed
The addition of amino acids to animal feed plays a crucial role in meeting the protein needs of livestock and improving overall feed efficiency. In addition to enhancing nutritional value, amino acids can also help reduce stress levels in animals, contributing to better health and performance. As an important feed additive, amino acids are highly effective, but their high cost means they should be used with care to avoid compromising feed quality or causing unnecessary financial losses.
When purchasing amino acid additives, it's essential to carefully inspect the product's packaging, appearance, odor, and color. These visual and sensory cues can help identify the quality of the product. If any doubts arise about the product's authenticity or condition, it is best to avoid using it altogether.
Amino acid supplements are most commonly used in feed for non-ruminant animals, especially during their early growth stages. However, ruminants like cattle and sheep have the ability to synthesize certain amino acids through microbial activity in their digestive systems. As a result, there is less need for amino acid supplementation in these animals, as both limiting and non-limiting amino acids are naturally available. The effectiveness of chemically synthesized amino acids in aquatic species remains a topic of debate, so their use in aquaculture feeds should be approached with caution.
When incorporating amino acids into feed formulations, it is important to prioritize the first limiting amino acid before considering others. Animals have specific patterns of amino acid utilization, where satisfying the first limiting amino acid allows for more efficient use of subsequent ones. For example, in pigs, lysine is typically the first limiting amino acid, followed by methionine. In poultry, such as chickens, methionine is the primary limiting amino acid, with lysine being the second.
The dosage of amino acids should be adjusted based on their effective content and potency. For instance, lysine-based additives are often in the form of L-lysine hydrochloride, which has a purity of 98% or higher. However, the actual L-lysine content is approximately 78%, and its potency is considered 100%. In contrast, DL-lysine has a potency of only 50%.
Similarly, methionine additives come in various forms, including DL-methionine, methionine via analogs, and N-methylmethionine calcium. DL-methionine has a purity above 98% and is assigned a potency of 100%. Methionine analogs have a potency equivalent to 80% of DL-methionine, while N-methylmethionine calcium contains around 67% methionine. Therefore, when using amino acid supplements, it is vital to account for their effective concentration and potency to ensure accurate and safe application.