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Key technologies for high yield of buckwheat in dry land
Quinoa is widely grown in the northern part of Shanxi Province. It is an ancient crop that has been cultivated in high-altitude mountainous areas for a long time. In the Jinbei region, it serves as a primary food source for local farmers. Additionally, buckwheat straw is an excellent feed for livestock. The following section outlines the high-yield cultivation techniques for dryland buckwheat.
Selecting high-quality varieties is essential for achieving high yields. It's crucial to choose suitable varieties based on local conditions and the characteristics of dryland environments. Varieties with drought tolerance, disease resistance, cold resistance, and high yield potential should be prioritized.
Autumn deep plowing using machinery is recommended after the harvest of major crops. In chestnut soil areas, the plowing depth should be around 15 cm. For beach and wetland areas, the depth should be increased to 20–25 cm. In early spring, it’s also important to control the growth of weeds to maintain soil health and prevent erosion.
Crop rotation plays a key role in maintaining soil fertility. A common rotation method for dry slopes includes potato, flax, pea, and buckwheat over a four-year cycle. For dry land areas, a three-year rotation system such as soybean, buckwheat, flax, and potato is commonly used.
Sowing at the right time significantly affects buckwheat yield. Naked oat seeds are typically sown from early May to late May, while early-maturing varieties can be delayed until late June. The sowing depth is generally around 5 cm, but this may vary depending on the timing of planting. Early sowing requires deeper planting, while late sowing benefits from shallower depths to adapt to weather conditions.
Maintaining a reasonable plant structure is important for dryland buckwheat. Farmers should determine the number of panicles based on soil fertility and yield goals. Typically, 10 kg of seed per mu is planted, resulting in 250,000 to 300,000 seedlings per mu. In more fertile lands, the seeding rate can be increased by up to 112 kg.
Applying scientific fertilization methods is vital for optimal growth. It is recommended to use 1500 kg of quality manure per acre, along with 5 kg of DAP mixed with the seeds. During the jointing stage, an additional 10 kg of urea per acre is usually applied to support plant development.
By implementing these techniques, farmers can significantly improve the yield and quality of their buckwheat crops, ensuring sustainable agricultural practices in dryland regions.