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High temperature bearing steel function
High-temperature bearing steel plays a crucial role in applications where conventional bearing materials fail due to extreme temperatures. Bearings operating above 150°C are typically classified as high-temperature bearings, as standard chrome bearing steels lose their hardness and structural integrity at these temperatures, leading to premature failure. To address this, special heat treatment is often required for bearings operating between 150°C and 250°C. This involves tempering the components at a temperature 50°C higher than the operating temperature, which helps maintain their mechanical properties under heat. However, this process can slightly reduce hardness and shorten the bearing's lifespan.
When temperatures exceed 250°C, it becomes necessary to use specialized high-temperature bearing steels. These materials must not only perform like regular bearing steels but also retain high hardness, wear resistance, and fatigue strength at elevated temperatures. They should also offer good oxidation resistance, dimensional stability, and impact resistance. Common types of high-temperature bearing steels include molybdenum-based alloys such as Cr4Mo4V, Cr15Mo4, 9Cr18Mo, and Cr14Mo4, as well as tungsten-based steels like W9Cr4V2Mo and W18Cr4V. Tungsten and molybdenum alloys, such as W6Mo5Cr4V2, are also widely used due to their ability to form stable carbides that provide secondary hardening effects, ensuring performance even at high temperatures.
In addition to these, high-temperature carburized steels are suitable for bearings subjected to heavy impact loads. For example, 12Cr2Ni3Mo5 is a high-temperature carburized bearing steel with low carbon content (around 0.15%), offering good machinability, forgeability, and uniformity after carburizing. It performs well up to 430°C and provides excellent impact resistance. Another advanced option is H10Cr4Mo4Ni4VA, considered one of the best high-temperature carburized bearing steels today, though it comes at a higher cost.
For applications exceeding 500°C, traditional high-temperature bearing steels may no longer suffice. In such cases, cobalt-based or nickel-based superalloys, as well as ceramic materials, are preferred due to their superior thermal and mechanical properties. High-temperature bearings are commonly found in aerospace engines, gas turbines, nuclear reactors, X-ray tubes, and other high-performance systems requiring reliable operation under extreme conditions.
If you're looking to expand your knowledge on bearings, check out related articles such as new plating processes for sliding bearings, differences between oscillation and general type SKF bearings, and NSK bearing measurement standards. Stay updated with the latest developments in bearing technology by visiting China Bearing Network.