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Developing nuclear power is an inevitable choice for China's development
On the afternoon of November 17, the 15th China Hi-tech Fair High-tech Forum – China New Energy Development Summit took place in the Le Dufu Hall on the fifth floor of the Convention and Exhibition Center. Dr. Yang Qi, Vice Chairman of the China Nuclear Energy Industry Association and Honorary President of the China Nuclear Power Institute, delivered a speech titled "Hope for Nuclear Energy." In his address, he emphasized that ensuring energy security, optimizing the energy mix, and alleviating pressure on resources and the environment are critical challenges for China. He argued that multiple factors make nuclear power an essential choice for the country's future development.
Dr. Yang pointed out that China’s current energy landscape is one of continuous growth. Since 2010, China has been the world’s largest energy consumer. Compared to other energy sources, nuclear power offers distinct advantages. First, nuclear fuel has a very high energy density. For a 1-megawatt nuclear power plant, only about 25 tons of fuel are needed per year. Second, nuclear energy is environmentally friendly, as it does not emit sulfur dioxide or carbon dioxide during operation. The solid waste produced is fully contained in sealed containers for long-term storage. In contrast, a coal-fired power plant of the same capacity emits 75,000 tons of sulfur dioxide and 8 million tons of carbon dioxide annually.
While nuclear power carries risks like any industrial energy source, its safety record is strong. Following the Fukushima disaster, Chinese authorities conducted extensive reviews with experts in nuclear safety, seismology, and oceanography over nine months. The result was that existing and planned nuclear plants meet international safety standards and have effective measures to prevent and mitigate severe accidents. Safety remains a top priority, and the risks are well-managed.
Economically, nuclear power is considered a medium-level investment when evaluated over a 30-year lifecycle. Metrics such as total return on investment, capital profit rate, and internal rate of return show that nuclear projects offer reasonable economic benefits. Developing nuclear power is crucial for China to secure energy supply, support economic growth, adjust the energy structure, tackle climate change, and reduce pollution. It is a key strategic policy for the country's energy development.
By 2020, China aimed to increase its non-fossil energy share to 15% of primary energy and cut carbon emissions by 20%. This goal cannot be achieved without significant contributions from nuclear power. Hydropower, wind, and solar were expected to account for around 11%, leaving 15% to be filled by nuclear energy. To reach this target, China needed to build nuclear capacity of 80 million kilowatts by that time.
To ensure safe and efficient nuclear development, policy support, public acceptance, resource availability, and technological innovation are all essential. In October 2012, the State Council’s Standing Committee approved the “Nuclear Power Safety Plan†and the “Nuclear Power Mid-Long Term Development Plan,†setting clear guidelines for future construction. Projects were resumed safely, with stricter criteria and better planning.
Dr. Yang also highlighted the importance of public support. He noted that physicist Enrico Fermi once warned that public understanding and acceptance would become a major challenge for nuclear energy’s future. Today, social and political resistance, especially concerns over safety, remain the biggest hurdles. After the Fukushima incident, public awareness of nuclear power increased significantly. Recent media reports have further influenced public perception, making it even more important to work on building trust and acceptance for nuclear energy.