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Developing nuclear power is an inevitable choice for China's development
On the afternoon of November 17, the 15th China Hi-tech Fair High-tech Forum – China New Energy Development Summit took place in the Le Dufu Hall on the fifth floor of the Convention and Exhibition Center. Dr. Yang Qi, Vice Chairman of the China Nuclear Energy Industry Association and Honorary President of the China Nuclear Power Institute, delivered a speech titled "Hope for Nuclear Energy." In his address, he emphasized the importance of ensuring energy security, improving the energy structure, and reducing environmental pressure. He argued that multiple factors make nuclear power an inevitable choice for China's future development.
Dr. Yang highlighted that China's growing energy demand makes nuclear power a necessary option. In 2010, China became the world's largest energy consumer. Compared to other energy sources, nuclear power offers unique advantages. First, it has a high energy density; a 1 million-kilowatt nuclear power unit requires only about 25 tons of nuclear fuel per year. Second, it provides significant environmental benefits, as nuclear power plants do not emit sulfur dioxide or carbon dioxide, and their solid waste is fully contained and stored safely. In contrast, coal-fired power plants of similar capacity emit 75,000 tons of sulfur dioxide and 8 million tons of carbon dioxide annually.
Although nuclear power carries risks like any industrial energy source, its safety record is strong. Following the Fukushima accident, Chinese authorities conducted extensive evaluations with experts in nuclear safety, seismology, and oceanography over nine months. The results showed that existing and under-construction nuclear plants meet both national safety regulations and the latest standards set by the International Atomic Energy Agency. They are equipped with capabilities to prevent and mitigate major accidents, ensuring safety and control.
Economically, nuclear power performs at a medium level when measured by return on investment, profit rate, and internal rate of return over a 30-year cycle. It plays a critical role in ensuring energy supply, supporting economic growth, adjusting the energy mix, addressing climate change, and reducing pollution. It is a strategic policy for China’s current energy development. Meeting the 2020 commitment to have non-fossil energy account for 15% of primary energy and reduce carbon emissions by 20% cannot be achieved without nuclear power.
By 2020, hydropower, wind, and solar energy are expected to contribute around 11% of total primary energy. To reach the remaining 15%, China would need to build 80 million kilowatts of nuclear capacity. Achieving safe and efficient nuclear development requires policy support, public acceptance, resource availability, and technological innovation. In October 2012, the State Council's Standing Conference approved the "Nuclear Power Safety Plan" and "Nuclear Power Mid-Long Term Development Plan," setting guidelines for future construction and emphasizing safety and improved access standards.
Dr. Yang also stressed the importance of public support, noting that public acceptance is crucial today. Physicist Enrico Fermi once warned that public understanding and acceptance of nuclear energy could become a major challenge in its future development. In modern times, the biggest obstacle to nuclear energy growth comes from social and political resistance, particularly the issue of public trust. After the Fukushima disaster, public awareness of nuclear power increased, and media reports have significantly influenced public perception. Therefore, building public confidence in nuclear energy is more important than ever.