The pursuit of next-generation battery architectures has allowed scientists to explore various alternative materials, and for some time, silicon has been regarded as a good candidate material. Using this abundant element as the anode of a lithium-ion battery can significantly increase its energy density, and scientists in South Korea have now proposed a solution to one of the key obstacles hindering its development. Today's lithium-ion batteries use graphite as the material of the anode. This positively charged electrode cooperates with a negatively charged cathode to shuttle lithium ions back and forth during the charging process. These batteries can power today's mobile phones and electric cars, but replacing graphite with silicon can store four times as many lithium ions as the phone can last for a few days, or the car can travel hundreds of miles per charge. But it turns out that it is problematic to process silicon into lithium-ion batteries to maximize their potential. One of the problems that scientists have been trying to solve is the rapid decline in capacity. Silicon-based anodes will shed more than 20% of lithium ions during the initial charging cycle. One way to overcome this problem is through a technique called "lithium preset", which adds extra lithium before assembling the battery to make up for the losses in the cycle. It is usually tried by using lithium powder, although it is expensive and poses a security risk. Scientists from the Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) have proposed a new method of pre-installing lithium on the anode of a silicon battery. As a method to increase its energy density, the team did not add lithium powder, but instead used a silicon anode Immerse in a special solution for 5 minutes to initiate a chemical reaction and allow lithium ions to penetrate the electrode. In the test, the anode lost less than 1% of active lithium during the initial charging. The energy density of the test battery constructed with silicon anodes is 25% higher than that of commercially available batteries using traditional graphite anodes. The team said that this technology has the potential to increase the average cruising range of electric vehicles by at least 100 kilometers (62 miles), and it is quite easy to achieve large-scale processing. "We can increase the efficiency of high-capacity silicon-based anodes at a rapid rate by simply controlling the solution temperature and reaction time," said Dr. Minah Lee, who leads the research team. "Since this technology is easily applicable to the roll-to-roll process used in existing battery manufacturing facilities, our method has the potential to achieve a breakthrough in practical battery silicon-based anodes." The research was published in the journal "Angewandte Chemie: International Edition".
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"Silicon anode lithium preset" method can increase the density of lithium batteries by 25%