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Lightning Protection Machine Terms and Related Terms Explained
1. Product nominal voltage un
Corresponds to the rated voltage of the protected system; in the information technology system, this parameter indicates the type of protector that should be selected, and it marks the effective value of the AC voltage.
2. Rated voltage uc (maximum continuous operating voltage)
Can be permanently added to the specified end of surge protector without causing changes in surge protector characteristics and activation of the maximum rms voltage of the protective element; the uc value must be consistent with the nominal voltage of the protected system, as well as in the system installation book Within the limits of the specification.
3. Nominal current in
The maximum operating current at the designated end through the surge protector.
4. Nominal discharge current isn
According to the special classification test requirements, surge current peaks of 8/20 μs waveforms are generated by the surge protector.
5. The maximum discharge current imax
Surge protectors safely discharge 8/20μs waveform inrush current peaks.
6. Lightning impulse current iimp
Analog lightning currents similar to the natural lightning characteristics (peak, charge, and specific energy) of 10/350 μs waveform; lightning current surge arresters must be able to discharge such lightning currents several times without damage.
7. Total discharge current
Multi-phase surge protector or combined single-phase surge protector with total pulsed current discharge capability.
8. Voltage protection level uc
The maximum voltage of the protector in the following tests.
1.2/50μs (100%) standard lightning impulse flashover voltage;
1kv/μs slope flashover voltage;
Residual pressure of rated discharge current;
For power system lightning arresters, the overvoltage classification according to din vde0110-1;1997-04 can be divided into one, two, three and four protection devices, and the protection level determines the installation position; the protection level must be in the information system. The compatibility of the protection system and the equipment is matched.
9. Interrupt ability (subsequent current interrupter) if
The effective value of the main follow-up current that can be extinguished by the lightning arrestor itself under uc, see edin vde0675-6/a:1996-03;
10. Short circuit withstand capacity
The maximum short-circuit current that the SPD can withstand when connected to the upper fuse;
11. Overload protection
Overload protection equipment installed to protect the main power circuit from overload due to overload. Such as: insurance or fuse
12. Compound wave uoc
A mixed wave generator sends a 1.2/50μs open circuit voltage pulse and an 8/20μs short circuit current pulse. The open circuit voltage is expressed in uoc. The value is mostly expressed in the class d lightning arrester.
13. N-pe protector
The n-pe protector is a protector that can only be installed between the n-pe wires.
14. Working temperature zone (nominal temperature zone)
The temperature range in which the surge protector can work normally.
15. Response time ta
The main response is the action sensitivity of the special protection element in the protector. The breakdown time can change in a certain time depending on the slope of du/dt or di/dt.
16. Thermal release device
Protectors with voltage-controlled resistors (varistors) have a suspended trip unit so that when a certain temperature is reached (overload or failure), the protector and the main line can be quickly disconnected to prevent fire. . The function of this trip device can be detected by simulating the overload of the protector.
17. Protection level
The lightning protection package material protection grade (ip number) is tested according to the standard din en60529 (vde 0470 part1).
18. protect the circuit
A protection circuit can be multi-stage, and a protector can consist of spark gaps, varistors and semiconductors. Decoupling components are sometimes used between the stages to achieve energy matching.
19. Data transmission rate vs
Indicates how many bits are transmitted in one second, in units of bps. It is a reference value for the correct selection of lightning protector in the data transmission system; the data transmission rate of the lightning protection device depends on the transmission mode of the system.
The transmission rate is derived from the frequency bandwidth. The theoretical relationship between the transmission rate and the frequency bandwidth in the signal system is:
Vs=2fg (in practice, vs=1.25fg)
20. Frequency bandwidth fg
The frequency bandwidth reflects the frequency response of the protector, that is, the frequency at which the insertion loss is 3db.
If you do not consider other parameter changes, refer to the 50 Euro system frequency.
twenty one. Return loss ar
The echo loss represents the proportion of the frontier wave reflected at the protection device (reflective point) and is a parameter that directly measures whether the protection device is compatible with the system impedance.
twenty two. Insertion loss ae
The ratio of the voltage before and after the protector is inserted at a given frequency. If you do not consider other parameter changes, refer to the 50 Euro system frequency.
twenty three. Discharge current when un
At the nominal voltage un, the continuous current of non-faulty lines to ground or lines to other external conductive parts.
twenty four. Thunderstorm day
One day more than one mine can be heard as a thunderstorm day. (subsequent update of thunderstorm day)
25. Direct lightning
Lightning strikes directly on the building, producing electrical, thermal, and mechanical forces.
26. Induction Thunder
When lightning discharges, electrostatic induction and electromagnetic induction on nearby conductors may cause sparks between metal parts.
27. Thunderbolt intrusion
Due to the effect of thunder and lightning on overhead lines or metal pipes, lightning waves may intrude into the house along these lines, endangering personal safety or damaging equipment.
28. Lightning strike electromagnetic pulse
The effects of direct lightning strikes and nearby lightning strikes as sources of interference. The vast majority are interferences caused by connecting conductors, such as lightning currents or partial lightning currents, the potential of devices hit by lightning, and electromagnetic radiation interference.
29. Equipotential bonding
The separate device conductive objects are connected with equipotential bonding conductors or surge protectors to reduce the potential difference between the lightning currents generated between them.
30. Slat Thunder
Most of the discharges between the clouds are slivers of lightning. The lightning of the linear lightning is hidden by the clouds, and the light of the lightning illuminates the upper cloud, and the lightning presents a flaky light.
Slats have little effect on the ground.
31. Linear Ray
The discharges between thunderclouds and the earth appear mostly in the form of lines. Generally, the lower part of the thundercloud is negatively charged and the upper part is positively charged. Due to the negative induction of the thundercloud, a large amount of positive charges are induced on the nearby ground, thus forming a strong electric field between the ground and the thundercloud. As with the thundercloud discharge, when the density of charge accumulated at a certain place causes the electric field strength of the air to reach the critical point of ionization, it triggers a lightning strike.
Banded thunder is a kind of linear lightning. In the course of lightning, it happens that there are horizontal winds blowing through the lightning passages, and several lightning discharge passages are blown apart. The lightning passage is widened by naked eyes.
32. Ball lightning
Abbreviation ball mine, ball flash. A ball ray is a colored flaming sphere, usually represented by an orange or red sphere of 100 to 300 mm in diameter, sometimes blue, green, yellow, or purple, with a maximum diameter of up to 1000 mm; The time is from a few hundredths of a second to several minutes, usually between three and five seconds, and the radiated power is less than 200W.
When a ball mine descends from the sky, it has a relatively small, sometimes silent sound. Sometimes the squeaking sound will only produce a loud explosion when it encounters objects or electrical equipment during the falling and jumping process. Objects in the explosion cause damage and produce ozone, nitrogen dioxide or sulfur odor.
After a ball dart descends vertically from the sky, it sometimes jumps about 1 to 2 meters per second in the horizontal direction at a height of about 1 meter from the ground; sometimes the ball mine rolls at a height of 0.5 to 1 meter above the ground, or suddenly It rises 2 to 3 meters. Therefore, folks often call it a land mine. The ball mines often enter the room along the building's holes or open doors or windows, or roll into the building along vertical building shafts, and most of the charged bodies disappear.