A toilet tank, also known as a hidden cistern, is a modern plumbing fixture used in bathrooms and toilets. It is designed to hide the flushing mechanism behind a wall or inside a piece of furniture, providing a sleek and minimalist look to the bathroom space.
Concealed cisterns come in various designs and sizes to accommodate different installation requirements. They are usually made of durable materials such as ABS plastic or stainless steel to ensure longevity and resistance to water damage. The tanks are equipped with a water inlet valve, a flushing mechanism, and an outlet pipe connected to the toilet bowl.
In addition to the aesthetic benefits, installation systems also offer practical advantages. They are typically equipped with dual-flush mechanisms, allowing users to choose between a full flush for solid waste and a partial flush for liquid waste. This dual-flush feature helps in conserving water by reducing the amount used for each flush, contributing to water efficiency and environmental sustainability. Toilet Tank, Installation System,Toilet Water Tank,Toilet Cistern, Concealed Cistern Guangdong Fabia Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd , https://www.smartfabiatoilet.com
The main purpose of a concealed flush tank is to save space and create a clean aesthetic by concealing the unsightly plumbing components typically associated with traditional exposed cisterns. By integrating the flush tank within the wall or furniture, only the flush buttons or plates are visible to the user.
Installation of a concealed cistern requires professional plumbing expertise, as it involves cutting into the wall and connecting the tank to the toilet bowl. However, once properly installed, the maintenance and upkeep of a concealed toilet tank are relatively straightforward.
Detailed HD, SD, and Full HD in the field of security monitoring
In recent years, with the rapid growth of the consumer electronics market and the transition from CRT TVs to liquid crystal and plasma displays, HDTV has made significant progress. As the video surveillance industry increasingly adopts HDTV technology, the definitions of SD, HD, and Full HD in this field have largely followed the terminology used in HDTV. Compared to traditional analog CCTV systems, high definition offers superior image quality. Today, many are discussing what high-definition truly means. Previously, we often referred to D1 (704×576) or higher resolutions as high-definition, but in reality, D1 is only standard definition. Let's explore what SD, HD, and Full HD really mean. With the efforts of AipStar and other leading video surveillance companies, high-definition is expected to become widely adopted in the security monitoring market in the near future.
**SD (Standard Definition)**
Standard definition refers to a video format with a physical resolution below 720p (1280×720). The term 720p indicates a vertical resolution of 720 lines using progressive scanning. SD typically includes formats like VCD, DVD, and standard TV programs with around 400 lines of resolution. Any resolution above 720p is considered HD (High Definition). Internationally recognized HD standards include a vertical resolution exceeding 720p or 1080i, along with a 16:9 aspect ratio.
**HD (High Definition)**
The distinction between HD and SD comes from the visual experience. Due to differences in image quality and bandwidth requirements, digital TV signals are categorized into HDTV (High Definition Television), SDTV (Standard Definition Television), and LDTV (Low Definition Television). HDTV represents the highest quality, offering image clarity that rivals 35mm widescreen movies. It requires a horizontal resolution of over 1,000 lines, with a maximum resolution of 1920×1080. Compared to traditional analog TV, HD provides four times the definition, resulting in much better detail and color accuracy. The 16:9 widescreen format also enhances the viewing experience. In terms of audio, HD supports Dolby 5.1 surround sound, delivering an immersive auditory experience.
Despite its benefits, HD has not been widely adopted in video surveillance due to cost constraints. However, advancements in chip technology and compression algorithms have led to the emergence of high-definition surveillance products. The D1 standard is now part of the national DVR standard. Currently, there are H.264-based HD IP cameras on the market with a resolution of 720p, but they usually operate at 15 FPS, which is not suitable for real-time monitoring. AipStar’s 720P HD megapixel network camera, however, uses the H.264 Main Profile algorithm, providing clearer images at lower bitrates. It supports 30 FPS 720p real-time dual-stream encoding, along with SD card and USB recording, Wi-Fi connectivity, and YPbPr high-definition analog output, making it a premium option.
**Full HD**
Full HD refers to a physical resolution of 1920×1080, including both 1080i (interlaced) and 1080p (progressive). While 1080i uses interlaced scanning, 1080p employs progressive scanning, resulting in a sharper and more detailed image. The term "720" is used for standard HD, while 1080 offers greater resolution and clarity, especially on large screens. Full HD is still rare in surveillance due to cost, and is mainly found in high-end applications.
HDTV has a resolution up to five times that of standard analog TV, with improved color accuracy and a 16:9 aspect ratio. Two key HDTV standards defined by SMPTE are SMPTE296M (HDTV720P) and SMPTE274M (HDTV1080). The former defines a resolution of 1280x720 pixels, with a 16:9 aspect ratio and frame rates of 25/30 Hz or 50/60 Hz. The latter defines a resolution of 1920x1080 pixels, also in 16:9, with similar frame rate options. Cameras compliant with these standards offer true HDTV quality, including full resolution, accurate color, and appropriate frame rates. HDTV uses square pixels, making it compatible with both HDTVs and standard computer monitors. Additionally, HDTV video with progressive scanning does not require de-interlacing when displayed on a computer screen.