Before a rainstorm, proper vegetable management is crucial to protect crops and ensure healthy growth. First, it's important to thoroughly dredge the drainage channels. The main ditch should be more than 80 cm deep, secondary ditches over 50 cm, the back groove at least 30 cm, and small ditches around 20 cm. These channels should be designed with a slope from high to low to allow water to drain quickly. In regions like southern China where spring rains are frequent, each planting block should have deep trenches—more than 20 cm deep, narrow (under 90 cm wide), and suitable for tall crops like sorghum, which helps with efficient drainage. For large fields longer than 50 meters, a central waist groove should be dug, along with a 50 cm deep and 40 cm wide trench around the perimeter.
Additionally, it’s essential to inspect and reinforce the greenhouse cover. Rainstorms often come with strong winds, so checking the film for damage and repairing any holes is necessary. Ensure that the binding lines are secure to prevent the film from being torn by wind. Properly sealing the mulch film is also important. Use fine soil to cover the edges of the film, preventing wind from lifting it or causing tears. The sides of the planting blocks should be sealed with mud to keep the film in place. Before covering, shape the soil surface into a slight mound and press it down firmly to ensure the film adheres tightly to the ground, reducing the risk of wind damage.
Before the storm, take preventive measures against pests and diseases. High humidity and temperature after rain can lead to outbreaks of fungal infections. Apply a preventive spray such as streptomycin sulfate, thiophanate-methyl, or chlorpyrifos zinc cyanide (Kreis) to reduce the risk of disease spread.
After the rainstorm, quick action is needed. Inspect the field and clear any blockages in the ditches. If garbage has clogged the channels, remove it immediately to ensure proper drainage and prevent waterlogging. Loosen the soil after heavy rain, as compacted soil due to moisture can hinder root development. Plough the soil promptly to improve aeration and root health.
Also, check for plants that may have been uprooted or damaged by the rain. Replant any fallen seedlings and provide support if needed. Once the plants show signs of recovery, apply diluted human waste water or urea to promote growth.
In addition, treat pest infestations and diseases caused by the wet conditions. Use insecticides like phoxim, trichlorfon, or chlorpyrifos, and apply fungicides such as procymidone (Speed Keiling), oxalin, or neomycin to control issues like gray mold and scab.
Finally, manage the greenhouse environment carefully. After heavy rain, high humidity can increase the risk of disease. Adjust the ventilation based on the crop type. For newly planted vegetables, maintain an internal temperature of around 28°C—open the vents in the morning when it reaches 28°C and close them in the afternoon. For established crops, keep the temperature around 25°C to balance humidity and prevent excessive moisture buildup.
Proper preparation and post-rainstorm care are key to maintaining healthy vegetable crops and minimizing losses during adverse weather.
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