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Summer pig raising skill
As summer approaches, the abundance of grasses and green vegetables offers a rich and diverse feed source for livestock. However, with the hot and rainy weather, improper handling during harvesting, storage, and preparation can lead to mold growth, nutrient loss, and feed waste. Therefore, it's essential to understand and apply proper methods for using green feed effectively.
**1. Raw Feed**
Green vegetables and grasses can be directly fed to animals as long as they are clean and free from dirt. If heavily soiled, they should be washed, crushed, or beaten before feeding. Long grasses or whole vegetables can also be fed directly, but it's important not to place them on the ground to prevent contamination from manure or trampling by muddy hooves, which can lead to waste. It’s best to feed fresh green feed immediately to avoid spoilage and potential poisoning. However, raw green feed may carry parasites, so regular deworming is necessary. Some plants, like thorny vegetables, have low palatability and should be avoided to ensure proper animal consumption.
**2. Cooked Feed**
Cooking green feed is a common practice in rural areas, especially for pigs. This method helps eliminate parasites and their eggs, making it suitable for mixing with concentrates. While it improves palatability, most of the nutrients are lost in the process. Cooking is typically reserved for specific feeds like beans, soy products, pumpkins, and potatoes, as it helps destroy harmful substances such as anti-trypsin in legumes and enhances the taste of certain vegetables. When cooking, use high heat, stir well, and avoid covering the pot. Adding a small amount of vinegar can help reduce harmful compounds. Cooked feed should be used immediately, as leftover food can cause nitrite poisoning in animals.
**3. Fermented Feed**
Fermenting green feed is an effective way to improve its nutritional value and palatability. Leaves, stems, and wild vegetation can be washed, chopped, and placed in a container, covered with straw, and pressed down. Water is added to create an anaerobic environment, and after one day of fermentation, the feed can be given to pigs. Adding bran can enhance the flavor and reduce odor, though the fermented feed doesn’t last long. If the feed becomes too sour, it can be rinsed before feeding. However, it should not be given to pregnant pigs, as excessive acidity may cause miscarriage.
**4. Soaking Feed**
Some green feeds, such as poplar, willow, eucalyptus, apricot, and medlar leaves, contain tannins that make them unpalatable. Soaking these in water helps remove strong odors and makes them more acceptable to livestock.
**5. Silage Feed**
Grasses, vegetables, and leaves can be preserved through silage, allowing long-term storage. Adding 0.5% to 1% urea during the process increases protein content for cattle and sheep. Silage softens the feed, improves quality, and enhances appetite. The sour taste encourages higher feed intake without significant nutrient loss. However, pregnant animals should not consume large amounts to avoid miscarriage. Silage should be balanced with other feeds to ensure a complete diet, and rotten materials must not be included to prevent poisoning.
**6. Dried Feed**
Drying grass harvested before flowering is an excellent way to prepare winter feed for livestock. High-quality hay can replace part of the concentrate feed, with 2 kg of hay equivalent to 1 kg of concentrate. Drying is simple: spread fresh grass on the ground and turn it 1-2 times daily. Within 1-2 days, it can be dried completely, provided it is protected from rain. Good hay has a pleasant aroma and can be used as grass powder for feeding. (Source: China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Information Network)