Scientists for the first time created quantum circuits that can be "self-checked and self-corrected"

To realize the dream of quantum computing, we must first overcome some difficulties, such as maintaining the stability of the storage system—the inherent instability that overcomes the basic unit of quantum computing information (qubit/qubit). The good news is that physicists from the University of California, Berkeley, have created a breakthrough circuit that constantly checks itself to keep quantum storage error-free.

UC Berkeley’s physicists claim to have created breakthrough quantum paths because they can check and correct their mistakes.

Quantum information can easily encounter errors caused by the environment, such as cosmic rays, or the collapse of quantum coherence at one location, which means that information containing a qubit can easily be lost.

In addition, due to the special nature of the quantum entanglement state, any attempt to replicate the information will cause it immediate damage.

However, Julian Kelly, a UC Berkeley physics laboratory researcher at UC Berkeley, said: “One of the biggest challenges in quantum computing is the inherently faulty nature of qubits, so if you store them inside, Some information, they will be forgotten."

The team did not try to maintain a qubit (such as trapping it into silicon isotopes), but instead implemented it in an algorithm-based way.


Quantum error correction system and corresponding algorithm schematic.

Unlike traditional computers, quantum computers do not use binary (0 and 1) to store data, because it also has another "superpositioning", that is, it can be either 0 or 1.

What is embarrassing is that, although this feature gives it significant advantages in computing power, the qubit also has a significant drawback. That is, qubits are prone to “flipping,” and they are unstable. The environment will be more serious.

Kelly said: "This makes it difficult for us to deal with information if it disappears." To solve this problem, they came up with a whole new method of error detection and correction - storing information on multiple qubits at the same time.

The team’s idea is: “We have built a system that contains 9 qubits and can then find errors. The qubits in the grid are responsible for maintaining its neighbor information (through repeated error detection and correction). The corresponding information can be saved longer and more accurately than any individual qubit."

Researchers from the University of California, Berkeley, from left to right, are Julian Kelly, John Martinis, and Rami Rarends.

What is necessary for this is that the quantum state exists in the qubit: you can know the position of a particle, and you can measure its momentum, but you cannot use it at the same time.

Rami Rarends, a postdoctoral researcher at the university, said: "You cannot measure a quantum state. You cannot expect it to remain a quantum. The measured behavior will lock the qubit to a single state, and it will lose its ability to become superposition." .

To do this, Austin Fowler, a scientist and staff member of the school, uses the so-called "Surface code" to provide information about errors.

By repeatedly measuring the interaction of each qubit in the matrix with its neighboring data, changes in the measured values ​​imply errors in space and time.

In short, the code borrows "parity information" to detect any change in the original data.

In this state, if the polarization state is applied to a set of qubits, then these qubits will be transmitted to other parts of the system, and any polarization change can pass through the original state and the transmitted quantum state. It is known by comparison.

In the end, we can pull enough information to detect errors, but we will not undermine the underlying quantum state because of “peeping”.

As of now, the team's research has proven that it can negate the "flip" error of a qubit. However, they hope that the next step will be to solve other qubit “decoherence” issues, such as “complementing” the “phase-flipping” error.

The senior researchers of the Martinis team now also cooperate with Google to further explore the technology and the application of quantum computing. Related papers have been published in the journal Nature.

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